Why hard tap water does not directly cause kidney stones

Drinking hard tap water does not directly cause kidney stones. While high concentrations of calcium and magnesium salts create scale in plumbing and kettles, these minerals do not migrate directly into the urinary system to form concretions. Mechanisms of Stone Formation The development of urolithiasis (kidney stones) is driven by a complex of factors rather than the hardness of drinking water. These include genetic predisposition, chronic infections, metabolic disorders, and a deficiency in total fluid intake. According to Associate Professor Maria Molchanova, as reported by IA RuNews24.ru, maintaining a sufficient volume of clean water to prevent the concentration of urine is more critical for preventing salt crystallization than the specific hardness of the water source.